Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokuqwashisa umhlaba wonke ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo esikhulayo sentuthuko esimeme, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zendabuko zibhekana nezinselele eziningi, futhi izinto zikakolweni ezihambisana nemvelo ziye zavela njengezinto ezivelayo ezisekelwe ku-bio. Lesi sihloko sichaza kabanzi ngezici, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nesimo sokukhiqizwa kukakolweni okuhambisana nemvelo, sihlaziya ngokujulile amathuba okusebenza kwawo ekupakishweni, izindwangu, ezokwakha, ezolimo neminye imikhakha, futhi sihlola amathuba nezinselele okubhekene nazo, sibheke phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwekusasa. , okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlinzeka ngereferensi ephelele yabasebenzi bemboni abafanelekile, abacwaningi kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo, nokusiza ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zikakolweni. izinto ezihambisana nemvelo.
1. Isingeniso
Kule nkathi yanamuhla, izindaba zezemvelo seziphenduke enye yezinto ezibalulekile ezivimbela intuthuko yomphakathi wesintu. Izinto zendabuko ezifana namapulasitiki nemicu yamakhemikhali ziye zabangela uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nokushoda kwezinsiza, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamandla, nokungcoliswa okumhlophe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kwemfucuza. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, kuyaphuthuma ukuthola ezinye izinto ezivuselelekayo, ezigugulekayo nezinobungani nemvelo. Njengesitshalo sokudla esibalulekile esitshalwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, imikhiqizo kakolweni lapho kugaywa khona, njengotshani lukakolweni kanye nebran kakolweni, itholakale inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwempahla. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ukolweni ezihambisana nemvelo eziguqulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha ziyavela kancane kancane futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zimise kabusha amaphethini amaningi ezimboni.
2. Uhlolojikelele lweukolweni izinto ezinobungani kwemvelo
Imithombo kanye nezithako zezinto zokusetshenziswa
Izinto zikakolweni ezihambisana nemvelo zitholakala ikakhulu kuzoutshani lukakolwenikanye bran. Utshani lukakolweni lucebile nge-cellulose, i-hemicellulose ne-lignin, futhi lawa ma-polymers emvelo ahlinzeka ngokusekela okuyisisekelo kwesakhiwo. I-Cellulose inezici zamandla aphezulu kanye ne-crystallinity ephezulu, enikeza ukuqina kwezinto ezibonakalayo; i-hemicellulose kulula ukuyehlisa futhi ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokucubungula; i-lignin ithuthukisa ukuqina nokumelana namanzi kwento. I-wheat bran inothe nge-fiber yokudla, amaprotheni kanye nenani elincane lamafutha, amaminerali, njll., okungangezela ukushoda kwezingxenye zotshani futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwempahla, njengokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kanye nezakhiwo ezingaphezulu, kuyenze ifaneleke kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula okuhlukahlukene. .
Inqubo yokulungiselela
Njengamanje, inqubo yokulungiselela ukolweni kwezinto ezinobungani bemvelo ihlanganisa izindlela ezingokomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji. Izindlela ezingokwenyama ezifana nokuchotshozwa ngomshini kanye nokubunjwa kokucindezela okushisayo, okuchoboza utshani bese bubunjwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, kulula ukusebenza futhi izindleko eziphansi. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa imikhiqizo eyisisekelo efana ne-tableware namapuleti alahlwayo; izindlela zamakhemikhali zihlanganisa ukusabela kwe-esterification kanye ne-etherification, ezisebenzisa ama-reagents amakhemikhali ukuze kuguqulwe ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ezinto ezingavuthiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela nokumelana namanzi kwezinto zokwakha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphakeme zokupakishwa nokusetshenziswa kwendwangu, kodwa kunengozi yezinsalela zamakhemikhali amakhemikhali; Izindlela zebhayoloji zisebenzisa ama-microorganisms noma ama-enzyme ukuze zilulaze futhi ziguqule izinto ezingavuthiwe. Inqubo iluhlaza futhi imnene, futhi kungalungiswa izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezingezwe ngenani eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, umjikelezo omude wokuvutshelwa kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zamalungiselelo e-enzyme kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu, futhi iningi lazo lisesigabeni sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwelabhorethri.
3. Izinzuzo zikakolweni izinto ezinobungani kwemvelo
Ubungane bemvelo
Ngokombono wokuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila, izinto zikakolweni ezivumelana nemvelo zibonise izinzuzo zazo. Inqubo yayo yokukhula kwempahla eluhlaza imunca isikhutha futhi ikhiphe umoya-mpilo, osiza ekudambiseni umphumela we-greenhouse; inqubo yokukhiqiza inokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuncika kwamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-petroleum-based plastic synthesis; ukwelashwa kwemfucuza ngemva kokusetshenziswa kulula, futhi kungenziwa biodegraded ngokushesha endaweni yemvelo, ngokuvamile ukubola emanzini angenabungozi, carbon dioxide kanye humus ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni embalwa, ukuxazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga zemvelo ezifana nokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi nokuvinjelwa kwamanzi. okubangelwa “ukungagqwali kweminyaka eyikhulu” kwamapulasitiki endabuko.
Ukuvuselelwa Kwensiza
Njengesitshalo saminyaka yonke, ukolweni utshalwa kabanzi futhi unomphumela omkhulu emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka, ongahlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo nangokuzinza ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezanele zokulungiswa kwempahla. Ngokungafani nezinsiza ezingavuseleleki ezifana nowoyela namalahle, inqobo nje uma ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kuhlelwe ngokufanele, izinto ezisetshenziswa ukolweni zicishe zingapheli, okuqinisekisa uchungechunge lwesikhathi eside lokuhlinzekwa kwemboni yezinto ezibonakalayo, kunciphisa izingozi zezimboni ezibangelwa ukuncipha kwezinsiza, futhi ihambisana nomqondo womnotho oyindilinga.
Ukusebenza okuyingqayizivele
Izinto zikakolweni ezinobungani bemvelo zinezimbobo ezinhle zokushisa kanye nezakhiwo zokuvala umsindo, ezitholakala esakhiweni sangaphakathi se-porous fiber. Umoya uyawugcwalisa ukuze wenze umgoqo wemvelo, onezinzuzo ezibalulekile emkhakheni wokwakha amabhodi okufakwa; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto ezibonakalayo zilula ekuthunjweni futhi zinenani eliphansi lesihlobo, okunciphisa isisindo somkhiqizo futhi kusiza ukuthuthwa nokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, emkhakheni wokupakishwa kwe-aerospace, inciphisa izindleko ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuvikela; ngaphezu kwalokho, nayo inezindawo ezithile zokulwa namagciwane. Izithako zemvelo zotshani zikakolweni kanye nekakolweni zinomphumela ovimbela ukukhula kwamanye amagciwane, zandise isikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo, futhi zinamathemba abanzi ekufakweni kokupakisha ukudla.
4. Izinkambu zokusetshenziswa zikakolweni ezihambisana nemvelo
Imboni yokupakisha
Emkhakheni wokupakisha, izinto zikakolweni ezinobungani bemvelo kancane kancane zithatha indawo yepulasitiki yendabuko. Ngokuphathelene ne-tableware elahlayo, amapuleti, amabhokisi esidlo sasemini, utshani, njll. ezenziwe ngotshani lukakolweni zifana nokubukeka kwepulasitiki, kodwa azinabuthi futhi azinambitheki, futhi azikhiphi amakhemikhali ayingozi lapho kushisa, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokulethwa kokudla. Ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zokudla seziqalile ukuzama ukuzithuthukisa; emaphaketheni e-express, izinto zokuthungatha, izimvilophu, namabhokisi enziwe ngawo asetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ulwelwesi, olunokusebenza okuhle kwe-cushioning, luvikela impahla futhi luwohloke ngesikhathi esifanayo, lunciphise ukuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu ecacile. Amapulatifomu e-E-commerce kanye nezinkampani ezikhombisayo ziye zayihlola, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibumbe kabusha uhlelo lokupakisha lwezinto eziluhlaza.
Imboni yezindwangu
I-cellulose fiber ikhishwa otshanini bakakolweni kanye nekakolweni, futhi icutshungulwe ibe uhlobo olusha lwendwangu yendwangu ngenqubo ekhethekile yokuphotha. Lolu hlobo lwendwangu luthambile futhi luyathandeka esikhumbeni, luyaphefumula, futhi lunomswakama ongcono kunokotini omsulwa. Yomile futhi ikhululekile ukugqoka, futhi inombala wayo wemvelo nokuthungwa. Ine-aesthetic value eyingqayizivele futhi iye yavela emkhakheni wemfashini wezinga eliphezulu nempahla yasekhaya. Amanye amabhrendi emfashini asungule izingubo ze-fibre elinganiselwe zikakolweni, ezidonse ukunaka kwemakethe futhi kwafaka ubungqabavu ekuthuthukisweni kwemfashini esimeme.
Imboni yezokwakha
Njengezinto zokufakelwa kwesakhiwo, amaphaneli anobungane bemvelo kakolweni kulula ukuyifaka, futhi umphumela wokushisa ufana nowakwa-polystyrene panels yendabuko, kodwa ngaphandle kokuvutha kokugcina kanye nezingozi zokukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha komlilo wezakhiwo; ngesikhathi esifanayo, asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi, okufana namaphaneli okuhlobisa odongeni nophahla, ukudala umoya wemvelo nokufudumala, futhi angakwazi ukulungisa umswakama ongaphakathi, ukumunca iphunga, nokudala indawo yokuhlala enempilo. Amanye amaphrojekthi okukhombisa izakhiwo zemvelo asewamukele ngobuningi, okuholela enkambisweni yezinto zokwakha eziluhlaza.
Insimu yezolimo
Emkhiqizweni wezolimo, izimbiza zezithombo kanye ne-mulch eyenziwe ngezinto zikakolweni ezinobungani bemvelo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Izimbiza zezithombo zingonakaliswa ngokwemvelo, futhi asikho isidingo sokususa izimbiza lapho utshala izithombo, ukugwema ukulimala kwezimpande nokuthuthukisa izinga lokusinda lokufakelwa kabusha; isimboza semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla esiwohlokayo simboza amasimu, sigcina umswakama futhi sikhulise izinga lokushisa ukuze sikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo, futhi izibole ngokwaso ngemva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhula, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukutshalwa kwezitshalo okulandelayo, ukuxazulula inkinga yezinsalela zezithombo zepulasitiki zendabuko ezingcolisa umhlabathi futhi zithiye ukusebenza kwezolimo, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusimama kwezitshalo. ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo.
V. Izinselelo ezibhekene nokwakhiwa kwezinto zikakolweni ezingawungeni imvelo
Izingqinamba zobuchwepheshe
Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe busekhona. Okokuqala, ukulungiselelwa kokusebenza kokubalulekile. Mayelana nokuthuthukisa amandla nokumelana namanzi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimo zokusetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ubuchwepheshe obukhona abukwazi ukulinganisa izindleko nokusebenza, okuvimbela ukwanda kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Okwesibili, inqubo yokukhiqiza ayizinzile, futhi ukuguquguquka kwezithako zempahla eluhlaza kumaqoqo ahlukene kuholela kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engalingani, okwenza kube nzima ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu esimisiwe, okuthinta ukuzethemba kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezinkampani kanye nokukhuthazwa kwemakethe.
Izici zezindleko
Njengamanje, izindleko zezinto zikakolweni ezinobungani bemvelo ziphakeme kunezinto zendabuko. Esigabeni sokuqoqwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, utshani buhlakazekile, indawo yokuqoqa inkulu, futhi ukugcinwa kunzima, okwandisa izindleko zokuhamba nezokugcina impahla; esigabeni sokukhiqiza, imishini ethuthukisiwe incike ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, amalungiselelo e-enzyme yebhayoloji kanye nama-reagents okuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali ayabiza, futhi nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza kuphansi kakhulu, kusabala ingxenye enkulu yezindleko; esigabeni sokuqala sokunyuswa kwemakethe, umphumela wesikali awukenziwa, futhi izindleko zomkhiqizo weyunithi azikwazi ukuncishiswa. Kusesimweni esibi ukuncintisana nezinto zendabuko ezinenani eliphansi, okuvimbela abathengi namabhizinisi ekukhetheni.
Ukuqwashisa ngezimakethe nokwamukelwa
Abathengi sekuyisikhathi eside bejwayele izinto zendabuko kanye nemikhiqizo, futhi banolwazi olulinganiselwe lwezinto ezithinta ukolweni ezithinta imvelo. Bakhathazekile ngokuhlala kwabo isikhathi eside nokuphepha, futhi abazimisele kangako ukuthenga; ngasohlangothini lwebhizinisi, banqunyelwe izindleko kanye nezingozi zobuchwepheshe futhi bayaqaphela mayelana nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezintsha. Ikakhulukazi, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo awanazo izimali namakhono e-R&D, futhi kunzima ukulandelela ngesikhathi; ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge lwezimboni ezansi nomfula aluhlomele kahle, futhi kukhona ukushoda kwezindawo zokugaywa kabusha kanye nokwelapha okuchwepheshile, okuthinta ukugaywa kabusha kwemikhiqizo edoti, bese kuvimbela ukunwetshwa kwemakethe yangaphambili yezinto zokwakha.
VI. Amasu okuphendula namathuba entuthuko
Ukubambisana kocwaningo lwemboni-yenyuvesi ukuze kubhodlozwe ubuchwepheshe
Amanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi kanye namabhizinisi kufanele basebenzisane eduze. Amanyuvesi kufanele adlale ngokugcwele ezinzuzweni zawo ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo futhi ahlole izindlela ezintsha zokuguqula izinto kanye nezindlela ze-biotransformation; izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi kufanele zigxile ekwandiseni inqubo, futhi ngokuhlanganyela zenze uhlolo lokukhiqiza namabhizinisi ukuze kunqotshwe izinkinga zokuzinza kwezobuchwepheshe; amabhizinisi kufanele ahlinzeke ngezimali kanye nempendulo yemakethe ukuze kusheshiswe ukwenziwa kwezimboni kwemiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi, njengokusungula izikhungo ezihlanganyelwe ze-R&D, futhi uhulumeni kufanele enze okufanayo futhi anikeze ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphindaphindwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa.
Ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kunciphisa izindleko
Uhulumeni wethule izinqubomgomo zoxhaso ukuze ahlinzeke ngoxhaso lwezokuthutha ukuze kuqoqwe impahla eluhlaza ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zezokuthutha; uhlangothi lokukhiqiza luhlinzeka ngokukhululwa kwentela ekuthengweni kwemishini kanye nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kukhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi athuthukise ubuchwepheshe; amabhizinisi angaphansi komfula asebenzisa izinto zikakolweni ezihambisana nemvelo, njengezinkampani zokupakisha nezakhayo, anikezwa uxhaso lokuthengwa kwempahla eluhlaza ukuze avuse isidingo semakethe, futhi ngosizo lwalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, asize ukunciphisa izindleko futhi anciphise igebe lamanani ngezinto zendabuko.
Qinisa umphakathi futhi uthuthukise ukuqwashisa
Sebenzisa imidiya, imibukiso, kanye nemisebenzi yesayensi edumile ukuze umemezele izinzuzo nezingozi zokusetshenziswa kukakolweni wezinto ezilungele imvelo ngamashaneli amaningi, ukuveza isitifiketi sokuphepha nokuqina komkhiqizo, futhi uqede ukukhathazeka kwabathengi; ukuhlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe kanye neziqondiso zenguquko kumabhizinisi, ukwabelana ngolwazi oluyimpumelelo, futhi uvuse umdlandla webhizinisi; ukusungula amazinga emboni kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlonza imikhiqizo, ukwenza imakethe ibe sezingeni, kwenze kube lula kubathengi namabhizinisi ukuhlonza nokwethemba, ukudala imvelo enhle yezimboni, nokubamba ukusetshenziswa okuluhlaza kanye namathuba emakethe yentuthuko esimeme.
VII. Ikusasa Outlook
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinqubomgomo, nokuqwashisa ngezimakethe okuthuthukisiwe, izinto ezisetshenziswa ukolweni ezihambisana nemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi zilethe ukuthuthukiswa kweziqhumane. Ngokuzayo, izinto zikakolweni eziyinhlanganisela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zizozalwa, zihlanganise izinzuzo zezinto ezihlukahlukene zemvelo noma zokwenziwa, futhi zinwebele emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezimoto nezinto zikagesi; kuzovela izinto zikakolweni ezizwakalayo, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela imvelo kanye nokusha kokudla, ukunika amandla ukupakishwa okuhlakaniphile namakhaya ahlakaniphile; kuzokwakhiwa amaqoqo ezimboni, futhi lonke iketango kusukela ekutshalweni kwempahla eluhlaza, ukucutshungulwa kwempahla kuye ekugayweni kabusha komkhiqizo kuzothuthuka ngendlela ehlelekile, kufezeke ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele kanye nokwandisa izinzuzo zezimboni, kube amandla ayinhloko embonini yezinto eziluhlaza emhlabeni wonke, futhi kwakhiwe isisekelo esiqinile sezinto ezibonakalayo sokuchuma okusimeme komphakathi wesintu.
VIII. Isiphetho
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ukolweni ezinobungani kwemvelo, ezinenzuzo yazo evelele yezemvelo, insiza kanye nokusebenza, zibonise amathemba abanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Yize okwamanje bebhekene nezinselelo eziningi njengobuchwepheshe, izindleko, nezimakethe, kulindeleke ukuthi badlule ebunzimeni ngemizamo ehlangene yazo zonke izinhlaka. Ukusebenzisa ithuba lokuthuthukisa ngamandla ngeke nje kuxazulule inkinga yezemvelo elethwa yizinto zendabuko, kodwa kuzophinde kubelethe izimboni eziluhlaza ezisafufusa, kufinyelele isimo esiwinayo sokukhula komnotho nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kuvule inkathi entsha emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza. izinto zokwakha, futhi yakhe ikhaya elingcono lemvelo lesizukulwane esizayo.